Narrative Text, NARRATIVE TEXT

A.   Introduction

It is important to know that the social function of the narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell the story with amusing way. It provides an aesthetic literary experience to the reader. Narrative text is written based on life experience. In literary term, experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream.

Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It is build using descriptive familiar language and dialogue. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:

·         Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tales

·         Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction

Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story. To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the reader’ attention while they are reading the story.

Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters will drive the story progress. In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the problem and how they have ability to handle that problem.

In conclusion we can said that A narrative is some kind of retelling, often in words (though it is possible to mime a story), of something that happened (a story). The narrative is not the story itself but rather the telling of the story — which is why it is so often used in phrases such as “written narrative,” “oral narrative,” etc. While a story just is a sequence of events, a narrative recounts those events.

don't be confused gaesss …

Sebuah text narrative adalah bertugas untuk menceritakan “RETELL”, penceritaan ini sering dalam bentuk kata kata mekipun sangat mungkin penceritaan itu dilakukan denga cara menirukan sebuah cerita. Penceritaannya adalah tentang sesuatu yang telah terjadi atau sebuah cerita. Narrative itu bukanlah cerita itu sendiri tetapi penceritaan terhadap cerita tersebut. Sementara Cerita adalah terjadinya beberapa peristiwa yang berurutan, lalu narrative la yang bertugas menceritakan peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut.

A.   Generic structure of narrative text

Based on his book, Derewianka (1990: 32) states that the steps for constructing a narrative are:

1) Orientation, in which the writer tells the audience about who the character in the story are, where the story is taking place, and when the action is happen.

2) Complication, where the story is pushed along by a series of events, during which we usually expect some sort of complication or problem to arise. It just would not be so interesting if something unexpected did not happen. This complication will involve the main character(s) and often serves to (temporally) toward them, for reaching their goal. Narratives mirror the complications we face in life

and tend to reassure us that they are resolvable.

3) Resolution In a “satisfying “narrative, a resolution of the complication is brought about. The complication may be resolved for better or for worse, but it is rarely left completely unresolved (although this is of course possible in certainly types of narrative, which leave us wondering (how is the end?)

Derewianka, Beverly.(1990). Exploring How Texts Work. London: Primary English

Teaching Association.

Begini niihhhh

1.      Orientation: Biasanya terletak di paragrap pertama. Secara teori, Orientation berisi pesan tentang informasi What, Who, Where, dan When. Pada paragrap Orintation, text narrative akan memberitahukan pembaca tentang apa  peristiwanya siapa pelaku-pelakunya, dimana dan kapan peristiwa tersebut terjadi.

2.      Complication: Paragrap complication menjadi inti sebuah text naarative. Complication ini menceritakn apa yang tejadi dengan pelaku dalam peristiwa tersebut. Umumnya Complcation ini berisi gesekan antar pelaku peristiwa. Gesekan ini menimbulkan sebuah Conflict atau pertentangan. Dalam teori literay, Comflict umumnya dibedakan menjadi 3 macam; natural conflict, social conflict, dan psychological conflict Resolution. Sebuah pertentangan harus ditutup dengan penyelesaian. Dalam sebuah text narrative, resolution bisa dengan penyelesaian yuang menyenangkan juga kadang berakhir dengan penyelesaian yang menyedihkan.

A.   LANGUAGE FEATURES OF NARRATIVE

it can be said that a narrative text is usually a product of writing which is developed and tied together to become a story which happened in a certain time in the past.

The most common of these is the past simple. Three other tenses, past continuous, the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous can help us to say what we want more effeciently. However, it should be remembered that almost any story can be told using the past simple.

Gaessssss… begini:

Narrative text mah susunan paragraph yang merupakan teks atau yang digunakan untuk menceritakan sebuah cerita legenda, cerpen, maupun mitos yang sudah terjadi ataupun hal yang tekarang untuk di jadikan cerita bagi pembaca ataupun pelajaran. Semisal sebagai contoh cerita narrative di Indonesia seperti cerita Malin Kundang, Mahabarata, Ronggolawe, Gatot  Kaca, dll yang bertujuan untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca. Maka mayoritas kalimat tersebut menggunakan SIMPLE PAST tense. 

According to Anderson, the language features Of narrative text are:

1.       Nouns that identify the spesific characters and places in the story

2.       Adjectives that provide accurate descriptions of the characters and settings

3.       Verbs that show the actions that occur in the story

4.       Time words that connect events to tell when they occur; the use of simple past tense and past continuous tense.

Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3, (Melbourtr: Macmillan,1998), p. 3.

Tidak salah yang tentunya bahwa teks naratif memiliki banyak fitur bahasa. Kita harus mengidentifikasi karakter, tempat, dan waktu tertentu agar pembaca mudah memahami jalan ceritanya, memberi kata sifat pada karakter, dan memberi informasi tentang karakter apa yang akan dilakukan. 

1.     Using Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is used to express the events that have occurred at a particular time in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be several events happening one after one. In general, there are two important facts to remember in English tenses these are:

- Irregular verbs (Irregular Verbs)

- Negative sentences and questions are not as positive sentence but retain the basic form of the verb use :

1.  Events in the past that have been completed (for example: I went to school)

2.  The situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a lottery)

3.  A series of actions in the past

formula

Positive (+)

- Subject to be (was / were) complement

- Subject verb object 2

Negative (-)

- Subject to be (was / were) not complement

- Subject verb 1 did not object

2.     Using material process

Materials Process also called "Action verbs" is a verb that refers to the action or actions of the characters, for example: eating (eat / ate / eaten), sleep (sleep / slept), swimming (swim / swam / swum), etc..

3.     Using relation process

Relational Process is also called a "linking verb" (verb interface) that allows you to connect the subject with the complement (as Subject Complement). for example, to be (is, am, are, was, were) taste, look, seem, Become, smell, Consist of, derive from, function as, etc.

4.     Using temporal conjunction

Temporal conjunction: Conjunction / conjunctive events while connecting with one another, as firstly, then, next, afterthat, meanwhile, at that time, etc.

5.     Using temporal circumstance

Temporal circumstance: Description of time, such as Once, once upon time, etc.

G.   SAMPLE and Classification

The Loss of Gatot Kaca

One upon a time, Gatot Kaca walked on the Anyar village in the morning. Gatot Kaca was a great man, he was very strong, everyone knew him. He had a fetish, it called jimat kalimat sahadat. When he had been walking in the market, there was someone who announced a battle competition, the competition would be held on the town, then Gatot Kaca interested to join in the competition After that, he went to the town. (Orientation)

After he arrived in the town, he registered himself to join in the competition Then the competition began, Gatot Kaca would be fight with Lohokla on the fifth fighting. Then it was time for Gatot Kaca and Lohokla to come on the stage. The announcer called both of them to come on the stage, and then they come. Then the announcer said one, two, three.. fight, Gatot Kaca and Lohokla fought.

(Complication)

They attacked one another. In the end of the fighting, Lohokla attacked by using the special power and Gatot Kaca used his jimat kalimat sahadat to defend from attacking. But he could not to use because he never used it before and he forgot how to use and then Gatot Kaca was lost. (Resolution) 

Orientation, Complication, Resolution

THE NEXT ATTENTION!!!

CINDERELLA

Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.

Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.

Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.

A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.

Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.

In details, Generic Structure of Narrative Text

Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type though it has different term. In this story, the first paragraph is clearly seen to introduce the participants of the Cinderella Story. They were Cinderella her self as the main character of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which supported her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was introduced as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her step mother and sisters.

Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in several situations. It means that some time there is more then one complication. In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major Complication and Minor Complication.

The second paragraph is the major complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor complications which Cinderella has to overcome.

Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the characters. Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution.

In the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy resolution of the bad treatment.

Based on those sample, 

we must know the notion or function in clear understanding that; 

H.  H.    LET’S TRY

True Friends

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together. They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case of danger.

Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man.

The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, “Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?” The other friend replied, “Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend.”

Moral of the Story- A true friend in need is a friend indeed.

Fox and Cat

One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature, boasted how clever she was. ‘Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,’ she said.

‘I know only one trick to get away from dogs,’ said the cat. ‘You should teach me some of yours!’

‘Well, maybe someday, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,’ replied the fox airily.

Just then they heard the barking of a pack of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and louder – the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. ‘This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know,’ said the cat. ‘Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?’

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she could make up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.

Moral : A single plan that works is better than a hundred doubtful plans.

The Ant and the Dove

One hot day, an ant was seeking for some water. After walking around for a moment, she came to a spring. To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped and fell unintentionally into the water.

She could have sunk if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the ant was in trouble, the dove quickly put off a leaf from a tree and dropped it immediately into the water near the struggling ant. Then the ant moved towards the leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her safely to dry ground.

Not long after at that, there was a hunter nearby who was throwing out his net towards the dove, hoping to trap it in this way.

Guessing what he should do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain, the hunter dropped his net and the dove flew away quickly from this net.

    The morality: One good turn deserves another.  

  

the last one .... 

Aladdin and the Magic Lamp

Once upon a time, there lived a handsome boy in Baghdad. The name was Aladdin. He was a clever boy, but he did not like to work.

One day Aladin’s mother sent him to the market place to look for a job. In the market he met a magician. The magician asked him to work together with him. If Aladdin could do, he would get a lot of gold coins and jewellery. The magician asked Aladdin to go inside the cave and find a magical lamp there. He also gave a ring and said, “If you are in any trouble, rub this ring and a genie will come to your rescue!”

Aladdin went into the cave. Inside the cave, Aladdin was surprised by what he saw. Every corner was full of gold and treasures. A few minutes later, he found the lamp and quickly returned to the entrance of the cave. Aladdin called out, “Magician, I have found the lamp.” “Excellent,” answered the magician. “Quick, pass it to me!”

Aladdin did not trust the magician so he said, “Not so fast Magician. You must help me out of this cave first.”

The magician became very angry. When Aladdin was walking to the entrance, the magician pushed a huge rock over the entrance of the cave and left Aladdin and the lamp behind. Aladdin tried to move the rock all by himself, but it was too big and heavy, “Oh no! I am trapped in the cave!” he cried.

Suddenly, he remembered the magic ring. He rubbed it with the palm of his hand. To his surprise, a genie appeared before him and in a powerful voice said, “Master, I am the Genie of the ring. How can I help you?”

Aladdin was frightened, but he soon found the courage to ask, “Could you please send me back to my house?” In no time at all Aladdin was back home.

Aladdin took out the lamp. He wondered what would happen if he rubbed it. As Aladdin was rubbing it, all of a sudden another enormous genie stood before him. The genie of the lamp said, “Master, your wish is my command.” Aladdin was very excited and wished for an enormous palace and bags full of gold.

One day, a beautiful princess was passing by Aladdin’s palace. She stopped to talk to Aladdin and soon they became good friends. Before long, Aladdin and Jasmine fell in love each other. She married Aladdin and lived happily.

Question.

1.     What is the type of the text?

2.    What is the text about?

3.    What is the purpose of the text?

4.    What kind of generic structure will you find in the text ?

5.    What is the main idea of paragraph 2 ?

6.    What's in the magic lamp aladin ask?

7.    What is given by the magician in aladin?

8.    " He wondered what would happen if he rubbed it. "(paragraph 8). What does the underlined word refer to ?                                                   

9.    "The name was Aladdin. He was a clever boy, but he did not like to work".  What is the similar meaning of the word "like"?

10.  Who favored aladin?