WRITING SKILL; Narrative Text - KINDS OF TEXT English Study

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

A.   Introduction

It is important to know that the social function of the narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell the story with amusing way. It provides an aesthetic literary experience to the reader. Narrative text is written based on life experience. In literary term, experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream.

Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It is build using descriptive familiar language and dialogue. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:

·   Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tales

·   Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction

Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story. To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the reader’ attention while they are reading the story.

Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters will drive the story progress. In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the problem and how they have ability to handle that problem.

In conclusion we can said that A narrative is some kind of retelling, often in words (though it is possible to mime a story), of something that happened (a story). The narrative is not the story itself but rather the telling of the story — which is why it is so often used in phrases such as “written narrative,” “oral narrative,” etc. While a story just is a sequence of events, a narrative recounts those events.

be confused gaesss …

Sebuah text narrative adalah bertugas untuk menceritakan “RETELL”, penceritaan ini sering dalam bentuk kata kata mekipun sangat mungkin penceritaan itu dilakukan denga cara menirukan sebuah cerita. Penceritaannya adalah tentang sesuatu yang telah terjadi atau sebuah cerita. Narrative itu bukanlah cerita itu sendiri tetapi penceritaan terhadap cerita tersebut. Sementara Cerita adalah terjadinya beberapa peristiwa yang berurutan, lalu narrative la yang bertugas menceritakan peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut.

B.   Generic structure of narrative text

Based on his book, Derewianka (1990: 32) states that the steps for constructing a

narrative are:

1) Orientation, in which the writer tells the audience about who the character in the story are, where the story is taking place, and when the action is happen.

2) Complication, where the story is pushed along by a series of events, during which we usually expect some sort of complication or problem to arise. It just would not be so interesting if something unexpected did not happen. This complication will involve the main character(s) and often serves to (temporally) toward them, for reaching their goal. Narratives mirror the complications we face in life and tend to reassure us that they are resolvable.

3) Resolution In a “satisfying “narrative, a resolution of the complication is brought about. The complication may be resolved for better or for worse, but it is rarely left completely unresolved (although this is of course possible in certainly types of narrative, which leave us wondering (how is the end?)

Derewianka, Beverly.(1990). Exploring How Texts Work. London: Primary English

Teaching Association.

Begini niihhhh

1.     Orientation: Biasanya terletak di paragrap pertama. Secara teori, Orientation berisi pesan tentang informasi What, Who, Where, dan When. Pada paragrap Orintation, text narrative akan memberitahukan pembaca tentang apa  peristiwanya siapa pelaku-pelakunya, dimana dan kapan peristiwa tersebut terjadi.

2.     Complication: Paragrap complication menjadi inti sebuah text naarative. Complication ini menceritakn apa yang tejadi dengan pelaku dalam peristiwa tersebut. Umumnya Complcation ini berisi gesekan antar pelaku peristiwa. Gesekan ini menimbulkan sebuah Conflict atau pertentangan. Dalam teori literay, Comflict umumnya dibedakan menjadi 3 macam; natural conflict, social conflict, dan psychological conflict

3.     Resolution. Sebuah pertentangan harus ditutup dengan penyelesaian. Dalam sebuah text narrative, resolution bisa dengan penyelesaian yuang menyenangkan juga kadang berakhir dengan penyelesaian yang menyedihkan.

C.    LANGUAGE FEATURES OF NARRATIVE

it can be said that a narrative text is usually a product of writing which is developed and tied together to become a story which happened in a certain time in the past.

The most common of these is the past simple. Three other tenses, past continuous, the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous can help us to say what we want more effeciently. However, it should be remembered that almost any story can be told using the past simple.

Gaessssss… begini:

Narrative text mah susunan paragraph yang merupakan teks atau yang digunakan untuk menceritakan sebuah cerita legenda, cerpen, maupun mitos yang sudah terjadi ataupun hal yang tekarang untuk di jadikan cerita bagi pembaca ataupun pelajaran. Semisal sebagai contoh cerita narrative di Indonesia seperti cerita Malin Kundang, Mahabarata, Ronggolawe, Gatot  Kaca, dll yang bertujuan untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca. Maka mayoritas kalimat tersebut menggunakan SIMPLE PAST tense.

1.     Using Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is used to express the events that have occurred at a particular time in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be several events happening one after one. In general, there are two important facts to remember in English tenses these are:

- Irregular verbs (Irregular Verbs)

- Negative sentences and questions are not as positive sentence but retain the basic form of the verb use :

1. Events in the past that have been completed (for example: I went to school)
2. The situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a lottery)
3. A series of actions in the past

formula

Positive (+)

- Subject to be (was / were) complement

- Subject verb object 2

Negative (-)

- Subject to be (was / were) not complement

- Subject verb 1 did not object

2.     Using material process

Materials Process also called "Action verbs" is a verb that refers to the action or actions of the characters, for example: eating (eat / ate / eaten), sleep (sleep / slept), swimming (swim / swam / swum), etc..

3.     Using relation process

Relational Process is also called a "linking verb" (verb interface) that allows you to connect the subject with the complement (as Subject Complement). for example, to be (is, am, are, was, were) taste, look, seem, Become, smell, Consist of, derive from, function as, etc.

4.     Using temporal conjunction

Temporal conjunction: Conjunction / conjunctive events while connecting with one another, as firstly, then, next, afterthat, meanwhile, at that time, etc.

5.     Using temporal circumstance

    Temporal circumstance: Description of time, such as Once,       once upon time, etc.

G.   SAMPLE AND CLASSIFICATION

ATTENTION PLEASE!!!

The Loss of Gatot Kaca

One upon a time, Gatot Kaca walked on the Anyar village in the morning. Gatot Kaca was a great man, he was very strong, everyone knew him. He had a fetish, it called jimat kalimat sahadat. When he had been walking in the market, there was someone who announced a battle competition, the competition would be held on the town, then Gatot Kaca interested to join in the competition After that, he went to the town. (Orientation)

After he arrived in the town, he registered himself to join in the competition Then the competition began, Gatot Kaca would be fight with Lohokla on the fifth fighting. Then it was time for Gatot Kaca and Lohokla to come on the stage. The announcer called both of them to come on the stage, and then they come. Then the announcer said one, two, three.. fight, Gatot Kaca and Lohokla fought.

(Complication)

They attacked one another. In the end of the fighting, Lohokla attacked by using the special power and Gatot Kaca used his jimat kalimat sahadat to defend from attacking. But he could not to use because he never used it before and he forgot how to use and then Gatot Kaca was lost. (Resolution) 

Orientation, Complication, Resolution

THE NEXT ATTENTION!!!

CINDERELLA

Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.

Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.

Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.

A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.

Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.

In details, Generic Structure of Narrative Text

Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type though it has different term. In this story, the first paragraph is clearly seen to introduce the participants of the Cinderella Story. They were Cinderella her self as the main character of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which supported her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was introduced as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her step mother and sisters.

Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in several situations. It means that some time there is more then one complication. In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major Complication and Minor Complication.

The second paragraph is the major complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor complications which Cinderella has to overcome.

Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the characters. Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution.

In the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy resolution of the bad treatment.

H.    LET’S TRY 

The Good Stepmother

         The old witch locked Hansel in a cage and set Gretel to clean the house. She planned to eat them both. Each night the children cried and begged the witch to let them go.

Meanwhile, at home, their stepmother was beginning to wish she had never tried to get rid of the children. “I must find them,” she said and set off into the forest.

         Many hours later, when her feet were tired from walking and her lips were dry from thirst, she came to the cottage belonging to the witch. The stepmother peeped though the window. Her heart cried out when she saw the two children.

        She picked up the broom leaning against the door and crept inside. The witch was putting some stew in the oven when the stepmother gave her an almighty push. The witch fell into the oven and the stepmother shut the door.

        ‘Children, I have come to save you,’ she said hugging them tightly. I have done a dreadful thing.

 I hope in time you will forgive me. Let me take you home and become a family again. They returned to their home and the stepmother became the best mother anyone could wish to have, and of course they lived happily ever after!

The story is about a stepmother who …… a.    cried every night b.   planned to eat her children c.    begged a witch for money d.   tried to run away from a witch e.   saved her children from a witch	“The witch fell into the oven and the stepmother shut the door.” (Paragraph 4) The underlined word can be replaced by the word ………….. a.    Closed       b. opened       c. painted d.Marked                       e.polished
Which statement is TRUE about the step mother? a.    She was the witch’s friend. b.   She loved her stepchildren. c.    She hit the witch with a broom. d.   She locked her children in a cage. e.   She visited the witch to see her children.	How did the witch die? a.       She was burn in the oven. b.        She was trapped in a cage. c.         She was hit with a broom. d.        She was locked in her house. e.         She was pushed against the wall.

CHINESE FARMER

Long time ago a remote village, in central China, was inhabited mainly with farmers and hunters.

One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock because of flood. He prayed to God for help or his family would die of starvation.

Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house took pity on him. He gave him a goose and said, “I don’t have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose will help you to ease your hardship.”

A week later to almost surprise the farmer found an egg in his yard. This was no ordinary egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome with joy.

Thereafter, his livelihood rapidly improved, but the farmer had forgotten his earlier hardship. He became lazy, arrogant and spenthrifty.

Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of golden eggs inside its stomach.

Though he was very regretted for his foolishness, it’s already too late..

è What is the text about? a.  A farmer who was saved by a goose b.  A goose which brought farmer’s hardship c.  An old man who helped a a golden goose d. A golden egg which saved an old man	è The story happened….. a. In a remote village b. In all countries c. In unknown country d. In the paddy-field
è What can you learn from the above story? a.  People often regret because of misfortune. b. It is useless to regret what happened. c. We should feel sorry for anything that d. Regrets will help people to overcome their problem.

The Rats and The Elephants

Once upon a time there lived a group of mice under a tree in peace. However, a group of elephants crossing the jungle unknowingly destroyed the homes of all the rats. Many of them were even crushed to death.

Then taking of rats decided to approach the elephant's chief and request him to guide his herd through another route. On hearing the sad story, the elephant's king apologized and agreed to take another route. And so the lives of the rats were saved.

One day elephant-hunters came to the jungle and trapped a group of elephants in huge nets. Then the elephant king suddenly remembered the king of the rats. He summoned on of the elephants of his herd, which had not been trapped, to go seek help from the king and told him about the trapped elephants.

The rat's king immediately took his entire group of rats and they cut open the nets which had trapped the elephant's herd. The elephant herd was totally set free. They danced with joy and thank the rats.

1. What type of text is the above text? It is … A. a narrative text B. a description text C. a recount text D. an anecdote text E. an expository text	11. What destroyed the homes of all rats? A. a group of mice did B. the hunter did C. elephant-hunter did D. a group of elephant did E. elephant's herd
2. What helped the elephant's herd free? A. the elephant-hunter did B. the hunters did C. the trapped elephants did D. a group of king did E. entire group of rats did	3. What is generic structure of "once upon a time there lived a group of mice under a tree in peace"? A. Identification B. Orientation C. Complication D. Resolution E. Description
4. At the end of the story, how was the elephant's herd? A. angry B. sad C. happy D. dead E. disappointed

“The Story of Toba Lake”

Once upon a time, there was a man who was living in north Sumatra. He lived in a simple hut in a farming field. He did some gardening and fishing for his daily life.

One day, while the man was do fishing, he caught a big golden fish in his trap. It was the biggest catch which he ever had in his life. Surprisingly, this fish turned into a beautiful princess. He felt in love with her and proposed her to be his wife. She said; “Yes, but you have to promise not to tell anyone about the secret that I was once a fish, otherwise there will be a huge disaster”. The man made the deal and they got married, lived happily and had a daughter.

Few years later, his daughter would help bringing lunch to her father out in the fields. One day, his daughter was so hungry and she ate his father’s lunch. Unfortunately, he found out and got furious, and shouted; “You damned daughter of a fish”. The daughter ran home and asked her mother. The mother started crying, felt sad that her husband had broken his promise.

        Then she told her daughter to run up the hills because a huge disaster was about to come. When her daughter left, she prayed. Soon there was a big earthquake followed by non-stop pouring rain. The whole area got flooded and became Toba Lake. She turned into a fish again and the man became the island of Samosir.

Based on the Text above, please choose the best answer by giving the cross mark in the letter T if the statement is true and the letter F is the statement is false.        The golden fish turned into a beautiful woman.        The man and his wife lived happily forever.        The man had broken his promise.         His daughter turned into a fish.

Based on the Text above, please answer the questions by choosing and giving the cross mark to the best answer according to you. (for questions number 5 - 8)  4.   What is the complication in paragraph 3?  A.    The mother started crying, felt sad that her husband had broken his promise. B.   His daughter would help bringing lunch to her father out in the fields. C.    His daughter was so hungry and she ate his father’s lunch. D.   The daughter ran home and asked her mother. E.   The man shouted and be furious.     5.   Finally, what did happen to the man? A.   He sunk B.   He turned into a lake C.    He turned into a fish D.  He turned into an island E.   He attacked by earthquake     6.   What can we learn from the text above/ A.   We must obey our parents B.   We must not break our promise C.   We must not eat our father’s meal D.  We must go fishing to find a golden fish E.   We must run to the hill if there is earthquake     7.   What is the best title of the text above? A.   Toba lake and Samosir in North Sumatera B.   The man, the fish and their daughter C.   The story of Samosir island D.  The man and the gold fish E.   The story of Toba Lake

Based on the Text above, please answer the questions below! (for questions number 9-11)     1.   What is the resolution of the second paragraph? (Point 4)     2.   Why did the mother feel sad and start crying? (Point 4)   3.   What did happen when the mother prayed after her husband broke his promise? (Point 4)

Snow White

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were dead.

One day she heard her uncle and aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do that so she decided that it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away into the woods. She was very tired and hungry. Then she saw a little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs.

The dwarfs said, “What is your name?”

Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Then, Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story.

The dwarfs said, “If you want, you may live here with us.”

Snow White answered, “Oh, could I? Thank you.”

Finally, Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

1. What type of the text is used by the witer? a. narrative b. report c. anecdote d. comparative e. news item	2. To tell the plot, the writers uses………….. a. a rhetorical question and an exclamation b. time sequences c. contrastive evidences d. past tense e. concessive conjunctions
3. Why Snow White ran away to the woods? a. Her parents passed away b. Her uncle was angry with her c. Her uncle and aunt would go to America d. Snow White was happy to run away e. Snow White liked playing in the woods.	4. When did Snow White run away to the woods? a. In the afternoon b. In the morning c. In the evening d. In the full moon e. In the middle of night
5 Where did Snow White live after she ran away to the woods? a. She lived in the cave b. She lived in the lion nest c. She lived everywhere in the woods d. She lived in the dwarfs’ cottage e. She lived on the street	6. According to the text, before she ran away into the woods, why did Snow White live with her uncle and aunt? a. because she loved them very much b. as a result of forcing attitude from them c. because her parents were dead d. because she were afraid of the dwarfs e. because she ran away from a monster
7. The communicative purpose of this text is………….. a. to inform the readers about important and newsworthy events b. to entertain readers with fairy tale c. to share an account of an unusual event d. to persuade readers to accept his/her opinions e. to denote or propose something as the case	8. The organization of the text above is…………. a. abstract, orientatin, crisis, incident,coda b. thesis, argument: plot-elaboration, argument: plot-elaboration, argument: plot-elaboration, conclusion c. orientation, major complication, resolution, complication, resolution, complication, major complication d. description, background events, sources e. orientation, event, event, event

SINCERE WILL GET A GREAT RETURN

       Once upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived peacefully there. One of them was Charlitta, the king’s daughter who was assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto. Oneday, Charlitta looked blue. Because of that her father got confused. “ what’s the matter my beautiful daughter?  Why are you so sad?” asked King Fernando. Charlitta was just silent. She didi not say anything.

       Then King Fernando decided to make competition to cheer Charlita again. After that, the palace representative announce, “I will make a competition. The aim is to make Princes Charlita to be happy and laugh again. Everyone who can do it will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow when the sun rises. Sign, King Fernando.”

       The following morning, everybody came to the place, tried to give their best performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess Charlita. She was just silent and still looked sad. King Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there came a young handsome man. “ excuse me King Fernando. I would like to join your competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess charlita for a walk?” said the young man gently. “as long as you make my daughter be happy again, it will totally alright.” Said king Fernando.

The young handsome man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a beautiful lake with a green forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and looked happy after that. Everybody looked happy, too. “ I know why are you so sad my beautiful daughter. Now, I promise, I will environment green. I regret for always destroying it.

Finally the environment around the kingdom became so beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young handsome man got a price from the King. “I will marry you off my daughter”, Said him. “ that is a prize I promise for you. Thanks for keeping our environment well. Thanks for making my daughter happy again.”

1.        What does the text talk about?

a.    The young man’s prize.

b.   The King Fernando’s kingdom.

c.    The Princess Charlita’s sadness.

d.   The Princess Charlita and the young handsome man.

2.        What is the main point of the second paragraph?

a.           King fernando has a beautiful princess.

b.           King Fernando will give a prize for everyone.

c.           A competition will held to looking for Princess husband.

d.           An announcement about a competition to cheer Princess Charlita again.

3.        Based on the text, what is the purpose of the competition?

a.           To make the king happy.

b.           To make environment green.

c.           To make people live peacefully.

d.           To make princess charlita happy and laugh again.

4.         When will the competition be held?

a.           a day after the announcement when the sun sets.

b.           a day after the announcement when the sun rises.

c.           two days after the announcement when the sun sets.

d.           two days after the announcement when the sun rises.

5.         The Princess feels happy and laugh again because...

a.           King Fernando gives her a prize.

b.           She became the young man’s wife.

c.           She likes the people of Auretto’s performance.

d.           The young handsome man took her  for a walk to see a beautiful lake.

6.        After prince charita feel happy and laugh again, the Kingdom became...

a.           Rich and green

b.           Rich and beautiful

c.           Poor and beautiful

d.           Beautiful and green

7.        What prize the young man got after made princess cheer again?

a.           He got gold

b.           He got much money

c.           He got a beautiful house

d.           He married to Princess Charitta

8.        What is the main cause of Princess Charita’s sadness?

a.           Her father

b.           A young handsome man

c.           Kingdom environment

d.           Auretto’s people

9.        “I regret for always destroying it”. The underline word refers to....

a.           Kingdom

b.           Environment

c.           Performance

d.           Competition

10.     “Oneday, Charlitta looked blue”. The underline words mean....

a.           Happy

b.           Sad

c.           Disappointed

d.           Funny

GOOD LUCK and KEEP FIGHTING gaesss ... Alloh blessing Always ... ameen, see yaa in d' next Kinds of Text yaakkkk ..... 

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